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    Use of Online Space in Pakistan Targeting Women, Religious Minorities, Activists and Voices of Dissent

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    1112 Use of online space in Pakistan targeting women, religious minorities, activists and other voices of dissent.pdf (240.9Kb)
    Date
    2022-03-10
    Author
    Idris, Iffat
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    Abstract
    There is ample evidence that online hate speech in Pakistan is directed against women, religious minorities, journalists, voices of dissent and activists. The targeting of many of these groups is an expansion online of the traditional hostility and abuse they face offline. However, the internet has made such abuse easier and online hate speech is growing as internet use rises in the country. Those responsible vary somewhat: women and religious minorities are typically targeted by religio-political parties and their followers, while journalists and activists are often targeted by government/the military. In all cases, online hate speech can have a serious offline impact, including physical violence, and restrictions on people’s freedom/ability to work/post online. This review, looking at online hate speech in Pakistan in relation to particular groups, draws largely on reports by think-tanks/NGOs as well as media articles and blogs. Relatively little academic literature was found on the subject, but grey literature was quite extensive, especially on certain religious minorities (Ahmadis) and women.
    URI
    https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/17465
    Citation
    Idris, I. (2022). Use of online space in Pakistan targeting women, religious minorities, activists and voices of dissent. K4D Helpdesk Report 1112. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies. DOI: 10.19088/K4D.2022.071
    DOI
    10.19088/K4D.2022.071
    Is part of series
    K4D Helpdesk Report;1112
    Rights holder
    Crown copyright 2022
    Rights details
    https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
    Sponsor
    Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO)
    Collections
    • K4D [937]

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