Temporary and Permanent Sanitation in Flood Relief Camps and Communities, Pakistan

This case study documents efforts following the devastating 2022 floods in Pakistan, where unprecedented torrential rains triggered massive floods which affected the areas of Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and South Punjab. This case study focuses on the temporary and permanent arrangements for the rehabilitation and rebuilding of sanitation facilities in these affected areas. It details the sanitation arrangements made in temporary flood relief camps, including development and distribution of menstrual hygiene kits and development of awareness campaigns to overcome social reluctance to use them. Successful adaptations included engaging female workers and volunteers to address the privacy concerns of women and misconception about menstrual hygiene products; conducting awareness campaigns to promote the usage of latrines and discourage the practice of open defecation particularly amongst men. Communication barriers were overcome through engagement with community representatives or leaders and village committees.