posted on 2025-11-24, 14:38authored byTom Aston, Marina Apgar, Gynna Millan, Marcus Jenal, Grace Lyn Higdon, Nicolas Vetterli
<p dir="ltr">This CDI Practice Paper addresses two portfolio-level evaluation challenges: (1) portfolio learning and synthesis – linking project, programme, and portfolio levels; and (2) realist theorising at multiple levels. It shows how to nest realist programme theories as part of assessments to link project, programme, and portfolio levels. It uses the case of a portfolio assessment for Fondation Botnar to illustrate how to address these challenges and provides practical lessons on how to nest realist programme theories to link project, programme, and portfolio levels using theory modularity, theory fractals, and theory knitting.</p>
Funding
Fondation Botnar
History
Publisher
Institute of Development Studies
Publisher statement
This is an Open Access paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International licence (CC BY‑NC), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited, any modifications or adaptations are indicated, and the work is not used
for commercial purposes.
Citation
Aston, T.; Apgar, M.; Millan, G.; Jenal, M.; Higdon, G.L. and Vetterli, N. (2025) Crafting Realist Programme Theories for Portfolio Learning, CDI Practice Paper 26, Brighton: Institute of Development Studies