The Causes and Consequences of Corruption: A Review of Recent Empirical Contributions

Summary This article presents a review of recent developments in the empirical literature on corruption which uses subjective indices and survey data. The results are presented on two broad themes: contributions to understanding the causes of corruption and theories on the consequences of corruption. Though this type of research is still in its infancy, it has already provided the field of corruption with some of the empirical discipline needed to turn its fertile theorizing into policy recommendations.